Atrial fibrillation in mitral stenosis and its correlation with age, sex and clinical symptoms

The objective of the study was to calculate the frequency of atrial fibrillation of MS and its correlation with age, sex and clinical symptoms. A prospective descriptive study. Mayo Hospital and Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. 112 patients of mitral stenosis were investigated with an ECG and an echocardiography to confirm mitral stenosis and to measure anteroposterior left atrial dimensions on M-mode. All patients who were suffering from AF due to causes other than mitral stenosis were excluded. The significance of findings were tested through standard "t"test. Atrial fibrillation is more in female patient and has a linear correlation with age. More common symptoms of shortness of breath followed by palpitation

Frequency of atrial fibrillation in mitral stenosis and its correlation with left atrial size

Chronic rheumatic heart disease is much the commonest cause of mitral stenosis. Incidence of rheumatic MS parallels that of acute rheumatic fever. Atrial fibrillation usually develops in the presence of pre-existing ECG evidence of left atrial enlargement and is related to the size of the chamber, the extend of fibrosis of the left atrial myocardium, the duration of the atriomegaly and the age of the patient. Descriptive. Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Convenient. 129 consecutive cases of predominant mitral stenosis. 112 cases included in the final workup. The frequency of AF in MS in this study was calculated as 25.9%. The correlation between AF and left atrial size was significant [p = 0.000]. This was plotted on the scattergram [Figure No. 1], which shows a steep rise in the frequency of AF beyond a left atrial size of 70 mm. Frequency of AF in patients with MS is 25.9%. The correlation between AF in MS and left atrial size is significant [p = 0.000]

Characteristics of diabetic patients and pattern of diabetic complications

The objective of our study was to elucidate and establish the basic characteristics of diabetic patients in Pakistani population and to determine the prevalence of micro and macrovascular complications in them. This was an observational study conducted in the diabetic clinic of Mayo Hospital, affiliated with King Edward Medical College Lahore. Six hundred and seventy patients attending diabetic clinic in the year 1996-97 were studied. We determined the basic characteristics of patients and diabetic complication on history, physical examination and investigations. A total of 670 patients [174 males and 496 females] were studied. Most of the patient's ages at the onset of diabetes ranged from 36-55 years, with the mean value of 41.1 t 13.5 years. Female to male ratio was 2.5:1. Fifty-four% of patients were overweight [BMI >25 kg/m2] and history of diabetes in first degree relatives was obtained in 46.7% of patients. Ninety one% had NIDDM and 9% IDDM. Out of the total, 22.3% had retinopathy, 14.6% had nephropathy while sensory and motor neuropathy was present in 40.6% and 29.1% respectively. History of angina pectoris was present in 16.4%, myocardial infarction in 5.5%, cerebrovascular accident in 5.8%, and 3.7% had peripheral vascular disease. Approximately 53% of the patients were hypertensive [systolic > 140 or diastolic >90]. Out of 112 patients with an early onset of disease [< 40 years] 8 had experienced ketoacidosis compared to 9 out of 503 [1.8"/0] who had late onset diabetes. Two hundred eighty nine [42.9%] patients required hospitalization, either for the control of diabetes or for the management of its complications. Seventy five% of the patients had at least one complication attributable to diabetes mellitus. We conclude that NIDDM is highly prevalent in our society with seventy five% of patients presenting with one or more complications. Needless to say that more attention given to good metabolic control can reduce the prevalence of diabetic Complications